Stealing Energy from the Universe? – Tutorial no. 1

NO. This is not a clickbait!
Now that I have lost your attention let us discuss the Universe, Energy and Science, in peace.

The physical universe is defined as all of space and time (collectively referred to as spacetime) and their contents. … The universe is often defined as “the totality of existence”, or everything that exists, everything that has existed, and everything that will exist – source: Wikipedia

The Universe is made of: 68% Dark energy – 27% Dark matter – 5% Normal matter (everything on earth) – determined by calculating the energy needed to overcome gravity. Albert Einstein was the first person to realise that empty space is not nothing, it can possess its own energy and is full of temporary (“virtual”) particles that continually form and then disappear.
Dark energy is a new king of dynamical energy fluid or field that some theorist have named “quintessence” – after the fifth element of the Greek philosophers. Scientists still don’t know what it is like, what it interacts with or why it exists. More data is needed to decide between dark energy possibilities: a property of space, a new dynamic fluid or a new theory of gravity.

Dark matter is dark in the sense that it is not in the form of stars and planets that we see.
<<We are much more certain what dark matter is not than we are what it is. First, it is dark, meaning that it is not in the form of stars and planets that we see. Observations show that there is far too little visible matter in the universe to make up the 27% required by the observations. Second, it is not in the form of dark clouds of normal matter, matter made up of particles called baryons. We know this because we would be able to detect baryonic clouds by their absorption of radiation passing through them. Third, dark matter is not antimatter, because we do not see the unique gamma rays that are produced when antimatter annihilates with matter. Finally, we can rule out large galaxy-sized black holes on the basis of how many gravitational lenses we see. High concentrations of matter bend light passing near them from objects further away, but we do not see enough lensing events to suggest that such objects to make up the required 25% dark matter contribution. However, at this point, there are still a few dark matter possibilities that are viable. Baryonic matter could still make up the dark matter if it were all tied up in brown dwarfs or in small, dense chunks of heavy elements. These possibilities are known as massive compact halo objects, or “MACHOs”. But the most common view is that dark matter is not baryonic at all, but that it is made up of other, more exotic particles like axions or WIMPS (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) >> NASA website

The Expanding Universe 

<< In 1929, American astronomer Edwin Hubble studied exploding stars known as supernovae to determine that the universe is expanding. Since then, scientists have sought to determine just how fast. It seemed obvious that gravity, the force which draws everything together, would put the brakes on the spreading cosmos, so the question many asked was, just how much was the expansion slowing?
In the 1990s, two independent teams of astrophysicists again turned their eyes to distant supernovae to calculate the deceleration. To their surprise, they found that the expansion of the universe wasn’t slowing down, it was speeding up! Something must be counteracting gravity, something which the scientists dubbed “dark energy.” >> SPACE website

<< Dark energy is the name given to the mysterious force that’s causing the rate of expansion of our universe to accelerate over time, rather than to slow down. That’s contrary to what one might expect from a universe that began in a Big Bang. Astronomers in the 20th century learned the universe is expanding. They thought the expansion might continue forever, or eventually – if the universe had enough mass and therefore enough self-gravity – reverse and cause a Big Crunch. Now, in early 21st century cosmology, that idea has evolved. The universe is seen as expanding faster today than billions of years ago. What could be causing the rate of expansion to increase? Astronomers now sometimes speak of a repulsive force as a possible way to understand it. >> EARTHSKY website

Tutorials for HEALTHY MINDS only (mental strength required – not mental issues)